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Thirty-one phenolic constituents were isolated and purified from the 95% ethanol extract of Sanguisorbae Radix by using various chromatographic techniques, including macroporous resin, silica gel, ODS, Sephadex LH-20 and semi-preparative HPLC. Their structures were elucidated by physicochemical properties, spectroscopic data (MS and NMR) and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra, and identified as 3-methoxyl-2S,3S-epoxyflavanone (1a), 3-methoxyl-2R,3R-epoxyflavanone (1b), longifoin B (2), longifoin C (3), eriodictyol (4), naringenin (5), liquiritigenin (6), 5,3ʹ-dihydroxy-7,4ʹ-dimethoxyflavanone (7), naringenin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (8), dihydroquercetin (9), dihydrokaempferol (10), (-)-garbanzol (11), (2R,3R)-4-methoxyl-distylin (12), kaempferol (13), quercetin (14), α,4,2′,4′-tetrahydroxydihydrochalcone (15), phloretin (16), (+)-catechin (17), ethyl (+)-cyanidan-3-ol-8-carboxylate (18), phyllocoumarin (19), methyl 3-methoxy-4,5-dihydroxybenzoate (20), 4,5-dimethoxy-3-hydroxybenzoic acid methyl ester (21), 3,4′-di-O-methylellagic acid (22), 3,4,3′-O-trimethylellagic acid (23), 3,3ʹ,4ʹ-O-trimethylellagic acid-4-O-β-D-xyloside (24), (3R)-thunberginol C (25), resveratrol (26), 1-hydroxypinoresinol (27), (7S,8S)-3-methoxy-3′,7-epoxy-8,4′-oxyneoligna-4,9,9′-triol (28), emodin-8-O-β-D-glucoside (29), phloracetophenone (30) and 4-(4′-hydroxyphenyl)-butan-2-one (31). Among them, compound 1a and 1b is a pair of new flavonoid enantiomers, compounds 2 and 3 are a pair of new epimers, while compounds 4, 5, 6, 9, 10, 13, 16 and 26 were obtained from S. officinalis for the first time, compounds 7, 8, 27, 30 and 31 were isolated for the first time from the S. officinalis genus, and compounds 11, 12, 15, 18, 19, 25, 28 and 29 were isolated for the first time from the Rosaceae. The antioxidant activities of compounds 1-24 were evaluated by activating the Nrf2 transcriptional pathway, which were measured by the dual-luciferase reporter gene assay in 293T cells. Compounds 4, 6-10, 12, 14, 17, 19, 20 and 22-24 showed significant Nrf2 agonistic effect compared with the control group at 25 μmol·L-1, which provided reference for the research of their antioxidant activity.
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Psoriasis is a chronic, recurrent, and inflammatory skin disease induced by multiple factors. Its typical clinical manifestation is scaly erythema or plaques, which can cause various complications such as metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, and inflammatory arthritis, seriously affecting the quality of life of patients. A deep understanding of the pathogenesis of psoriasis is helpful to discover new therapeutic targets and develop effective new therapeutic drugs, thus having important clinical significance. This manuscript reviews the new advances in the pathogenesis and drug research of psoriasis in recent years.
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Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy of combining two needling manipulations, Er Long Xi Zhu (two dragons playing with a pearl) and Guo Yan Re (heat produced to reach the eyes), in treating dry eye syndrome (DES) of lung-yin deficiency pattern. Methods: Fifty-six eligible DES patients of lung-yin deficiency were randomized into an observation group and a control group, with 28 cases in each group. Same acupoints were selected in the two groups: Cuanzhu (BL 2), Sizhukong (TE 23), Taiyang (EX-HN 5) and Fengchi (GB 20) were chosen as the major points and Feishu (BL 13) and Chize (LU 5) as the adjuvant. Er Long Xi Zhu and Guo Yan Re needling manipulations were applied in the observation group while twirling reinforcing manipulation was used in the control group. Treatment was conducted once per day in both groups, for two sets of 15 consecutive days at a 2-day interval. Changes in the symptom score, tear break-up time (BUT) and tear production were observed afterwards, and the clinical efficacy was also compared between the two groups. Results: The total effective rate was 92.8％ in the observation group, higher than 71.4％ in the control group, and the between-group difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). After treatment, the symptom score, tear BUT and tear production showed significant improvements in both groups (all P<0.05); the symptom score, BUT and tear production in the observation group were significantly different from those in the control group (all P<0.05). Conclusion: Given the same acupoint selection, combining Er Long Xi Zhu and Guo Yan Re needling manipulations can produce more significant clinical efficacy than twirling reinforcing manipulation in treating DES of lung-yin deficiency pattern.
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OBJECTIVE@#To observe the moxibustion sensation and the clinical therapeutic effect of heat-sensitive moxibustion of two different suspension moxibustion methods and imitation moxibustion apparatus on mild to moderate knee osteoarthritis (KOA), and compare the therapeutic effect of different moxibustion methods.@*METHODS@#A total of 90 patients with mild to moderate KOA were randomized into a hand-held group (30 cases, 1 case dropped off), an imitation moxibustion apparatus group (30 cases) and a moxibustion shelf group (30 cases, 1 case dropped off). @*RESULTS@#The compositions of moxibustion sensation and numbers of moxibustion sensation types in individuals in the hand-held group and the moxibustion shelf group were richer, the moxibustion sensation intensity was higher than that in the imitation moxibustion apparatus group (@*CONCLUSION@#Heat-sensitive moxibustion can effectively treat knee osteoarthritis, while the different suspension moxibustion methods have an influence on clinical therapeutic effect, hand-held suspension moxibustion has the best efficacy.
Subject(s)
Humans , Hot Temperature , Imitative Behavior , Moxibustion , Osteoarthritis, Knee/therapy , Sensation , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
To reduce the problems of poor solubility, high in vivo dosage requirement, and weak targeting ability of paclitaxel (PTX), a hyaluronic acid-octadecylamine (HA-ODA)-modified nano-structured lipid carrier (HA-NLC) was constructed. HA-ODA conjugates were synthesized by an amide reaction between HA and ODA. The hydrophobic chain of HA-ODA can be embedded in the lipid core of the NLC to obtain HA-NLC. The HA-NLC displayed strong internalization in cluster determinant 44 (CD44) highly expressed MCF-7 cells, and endocytosis mediated by the CD44 receptor was involved. The HA-NLC had an encapsulation efficiency of PTX of 72.0%. The cytotoxicity of the PTX-loaded nanoparticle HA-NLC/PTX in MCF-7 cells was much stronger than that of the commercial preparation Taxol®. In vivo, the HA-NLC exhibited strong tumor targeting ability. The distribution of the NLCs to the liver and spleen was reduced after HA modification, while more nanoparticles were aggregated to the tumor site. Our results suggest that HA-NLC has excellent properties as a nano drug carrier and potential for in vivo targeting.
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Objective To compare real-time PCR and gomori-methenamine silver stain in the diagnosis of pneumocystis peumonia (PCP).Methods 2 525 unrepeated specimens from suspected PCP patient admitted in Peaking Union Medical College Hospital were collected in 2014.2 492 samples were detected by gomori-methenamine silver stain,33 samples were detected by real-time PCR,and 429 samples were detected by both methods at the meanwhile.With clinical diagnosis as reference standard,the sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value and negative predictive value of the two methods were analysised.Results Positive rate of gomori-methenamine silver stain was 1.2 ％ (30/2 492).The first three specimen types were sputum,tracheal intubation suction and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid,the positive rate was 0.70 ％ (13/1 845),4.00％ (10/250) and 2.72％ (7/257) respectively.Positive rate of realtime PCR was 34.20％ (158/462),and the positive rate of sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was 30.61％ (105/343) and 44.54％ (53/119) respectively.The sensitivity were 13.97％ vs 72.07％,specificity were 100％ vs 94.24％,positive predictive value were 100％ vs 92.14％ and negative predictive value were 55.36％ vs 78.26％ for gomori-methenamine silver stain and real-time PCR respectively.All of which were statistically significant analysed by x2 test for paired data.The x2 value and P alue were x2 =68.625,P＜0.01;x2 =4.296,P＜0.05;x2 =6.380,P＜0.01 and x2 =11.873,P＜0.01.Conclusion The real-time PCR had higher sensitivity,fewer interference factors and more clinical diagnostic value,so clinicians should make more use of real-time PCR to diagnose PCP earlier.
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Objective To compare the performance of a commercial multiplex nucleic acid amplification test (MultiplexNAT) and the conventional microbiological testing for etiologic pathogens of gastroenteritis.Methods 135 stool specimens from 135 patients showing gastroenteritis symptoms were collected and detected by both the MultiplexNAT and the conventional testing.Results The detection rates of at least one potential etiologic agent was 81.5 ％ and 33.3％ by the MultiplexNAT and conventional testing,respectively.12 pathogens could be detected by the MultiplexNAT while 5 pathogens could be detected by the conventional testing.Of the negative samples from conventional testing,48.1％ were positive with the MultiplexNAT.Furthermore,31.1 ％ and none of the stool specimens showed coinfection by MultiplexNAT and conventional testing,respectively.Using MultiplexNAT,the positive detection rates of viruses were highest in the outpatient settings,emergency and inpatient settings,which were 15.6 ％,31.1 ％ and 3.7 ％ respectively.The overall proportion of pathogen-positive samples was higher for outpatient settings than for emergency and inpatient settings using both conventional testing and the MultiplexNAT.x2 test for paired data for statistical analysis:positive detection rates,coinfection positive detection rates and three settings positive detection rates using two methods was statistically significant respectively (x2 =45.57～58.887,P＜0.01).Conclusion The MultiplexNAT significantly has more postivie detection rates compared to the conventional testing,and could be a possible method in the diagnosis of infectious gastroenteritis diseases.
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?Ocular trauma related glaucoma is one of secondary glaucoma, which can lead to serious visual loss. According to the complex clinical findings and pathogenesis of ocular trauma related glaucoma, we divide traumatic secondary glaucoma into hyphema related glaucoma, angle recession related, lens injury related, adhesion and proliferation related. The treatment of secondary traumatic glaucoma with ocular trauma were different, specific treatment measures should be given according to the specific case to protect visual function.
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AIM:To evaluate the efficacy of treating traumatic optic neuropathy( TON) with mouse nerve growth factor. METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Library, Pubmed, Medline, CNKI, Wanfang database and VIP to collect randomized controlled trials ( RCTs ) of using mouse nerve growth factor for TON. The quality of the included trials was assessed and poor-qualified trials were eliminated before the meta - analysis was conducted. RESULTS:Seven RCTs with a total of 399 eyes included were retrieved, and OR=3. 78 with a 95%CI of [ 2. 35, 6.06], the difference was significant (P CONCLUSION:The existing evidence supports that the prognosis of TON is better when mouse nerve growth factor are adopted in treatment, but there is still a need for well-planned, large-scale and multicenter RCTs to verify it.
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PAX6 gene plays an important role in embryological development, and the mutation of this gene may result incongenital aniridia, retinoblastoma, macula hypoplasia, Peters' anomaly and so on. A brief introduction of the background PAX6 gene, and the association between PAX6 and retinal diseases were summarized in this review.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the genetic polymorphism of twelve short tandem repeat loci of Y chromosome in Chaoshan Han populations.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twelve Y short tandem repeat loci, of which the template DNAs were extracted from blood samples of 121 unrelated Chaoshan Han individuals, were amplified by using the PowerPlex Y system. The PCR products were genotyped with ABI PRISM 3100 genetic analyzer.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>From the loci DYS19, DYS437, DYS389I, DYS389II, DYS438, DYS439, DYS393, DYS391, DYS390, and DYS392, 4-7 alleles were checked out; from the loci DYS385, 35 alleles were observed. The overall observed haplotype diversity reached 0.9976. DYS391 was the locus with the lowest gene diversity (0.4445), while DYS385 had the highest gene diversity (0.9525).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The 12 Y-STR loci are highly polymorphic and suitable to forensic casework, population genetics and anthropology studies.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , China , Chromosomes, Human, Y , Genetics , Gene Frequency , Genetic Variation , Genotype , Haplotypes , Genetics , Microsatellite Repeats , Genetics , Polymorphism, Genetic , GeneticsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the changes of NF-kappa B binding activity, the expression of PPARr and their correlation in the liver of rats with fatty liver disease (FLD) induced by different pathogenic factors and to investigate the molecular mechanism of the inflammation in FLD.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>40 Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups of ten each: normal group, alcohol group, fat-rich diet group, alcohol adding fat-rich diet group. The rats were sacrificed at the end of the 16th week from the starting day of the experiment. Serum and liver specimens were collected. Histological specimens were stained with HE, SudanIV, and Masson and then studied microscopically. The ultrastructural changes were also checked under an electron microscope. NF-kappa B binding activity and the expression of PPARr mRNA were determined by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and RT-PCR respectively. The correlations between NF-kappa B binding activity and the expression of PPARr and the biochemical indexes were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Steatosis, inflammation, necrosis and fibrosis were present in livers of the rats of all the experimental groups, and were most severe in the alcohol adding fat-rich diet group. NF-kappa B binding activity was markedly increased in the livers of the alcohol group (142+/-16.32) and of the alcohol adding fat-rich diet group (238+/-19.14) in comparison to the livers of the normal (73+/-9.24, F = 6.36, 17.93) and those of the fat-rich diet group (84+/-10.38, F = 5.96, 16.20). Binding activity was higher in the alcohol adding fat-rich diet group than that in the simple alcohol group, but there was no difference between those of the fat-rich diet and normal groups. The level of PPARr mRNA was lower in the livers of the alcohol, fat-rich diet, alcohol adding fat-rich diet groups (0.2530+/-0.069, 0.3647+/-0.082, 0.1226+/-0.054) than that of the controls (0.8097+/-0.094) (F = 15.43, 7.24, 21.45). NF-kappa B binding activity was correlated positively with the level of serum TNF alpha (r = 0.527, 0.639) and the content of MDA in the liver homogenates (r = 0.723, 0.537), but negatively with the expression of PPARr in the livers of the alcohol and the alcohol adding fat-rich diet groups (r = -0.568, -0.891).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The enhanced nuclear factors NF-kappa B binding activity and decreased expression of PPARr play a pivotal role in the inflammatory response of FLD induced by alcohol and fat-rich diet. It may provide a new idea for treating FLD effectively.</p>